what did dr seuss go to college for

American writer and illustrator (1904–1991)

"Theo Geisel" and "Ted Geisel" redirect here. For the physicist, meet Theo Geisel (physicist).

Dr. Seuss
Dr. Seuss in April 1957
Born	Theodor Seuss Geisel (1904-03-02)March ii, 1904 Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	September 24, 1991(1991-09-24) (aged 87) San Diego, California, U.S.
Pen name	Dr. Seuss Theo LeSieg Rosetta Stone Theophrastus Seuss
Occupation	Children's author political cartoonist illustrator poet animator filmmaker
Instruction	Dartmouth College (BA) Lincoln College, Oxford
Genre	Children's literature
Years active	1921–1990[1]
Spouse	Helen Palmer ​ ​ (m. 1927; died 1967)​ Audrey Stone Dimond ​ (m. 1968)​
Signature
Website
www.seussville.com

Theodor Seuss Geisel (;^{[2] [3] [four]} March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991)^[5] was an American children'south author, political cartoonist, illustrator, poet, animator, and filmmaker. He is known for his work writing and illustrating more than lx books under the pen proper noun Dr. Seuss (,^{[iv] [6]}). His work includes many of the almost popular children's books of all fourth dimension, selling over 600 million copies and being translated into more than twenty languages by the fourth dimension of his death.^[7]

Geisel adopted the proper name "Dr. Seuss" as an undergraduate at Dartmouth College and every bit a graduate student at Lincoln Higher, Oxford. He left Oxford in 1927 to begin his career as an illustrator and cartoonist for Vanity Fair, Life, and various other publications. He also worked every bit an illustrator for advertising campaigns, most notably for Flit and Standard Oil, and as a political cartoonist for the New York newspaper PM. He published his first children's book And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street in 1937. During World War Ii, he took a brief hiatus from children's literature to illustrate political cartoons, and he besides worked in the animation and movie department of the United States Army where he wrote, produced or animated many productions including Design for Death, which later won the 1947 Academy Award for Best Documentary Characteristic.^[8]

Later the war, Geisel returned to writing children's books, writing classics like If I Ran the Zoo (1950), Horton Hears a Who! (1955), The Cat in the Lid (1957), How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957), Green Eggs and Ham (1960), One Fish Ii Fish Red Fish Blue Fish (1960), The Sneetches (1961), The Lorax (1971), The Butter Battle Book (1981), and Oh, the Places Y'all'll Go (1990). He published over 60 books during his career, which have spawned numerous adaptations, including eleven goggle box specials, v feature films, a Broadway musical, and four television series.

Geisel won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Honor in 1958 for Horton Hatches the Egg and again in 1961 for And to Think That I Saw Information technology on Mulberry Street. Geisel's birthday, March 2, has been adopted as the annual appointment for National Read Across America Day, an initiative on reading created by the National Educational activity Association. He as well received ii Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Children'southward Special for Halloween is Grinch Night (1978) and Outstanding Animated Program for The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982).^[9]

Life and career

Early years

Geisel was born and raised in Springfield, Massachusetts, the son of Henrietta (née Seuss) and Theodor Robert Geisel.^{[10] [11]} His father managed the family brewery and was later appointed to supervise Springfield'southward public park organisation by Mayor John A. Denison^[12] after the brewery closed because of Prohibition.^[xiii] Mulberry Street in Springfield, made famous in his first children's book And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street, is near his boyhood dwelling on Fairfield Street.^[14] The family was of German language descent, and Geisel and his sis Marnie experienced anti-German prejudice from other children following the outbreak of Globe War I in 1914.^[15] Geisel was raised as a Missouri Synod Lutheran and remained in the denomination his entire life.^[16]

Geisel attended Dartmouth College, graduating in 1925.^[17] At Dartmouth, he joined the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity^[10] and the humor magazine Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern, somewhen ascension to the rank of editor-in-primary.^[10] While at Dartmouth, he was defenseless drinking gin with nine friends in his room.^[eighteen] At the fourth dimension, the possession and consumption of booze was illegal nether Prohibition laws, which remained in place between 1920 and 1933. Equally a result of this infraction, Dean Craven Laycock insisted that Geisel resign from all extracurricular activities, including the Jack-O-Lantern.^[xix] To continue working on the magazine without the administration'due south cognition, Geisel began signing his work with the pen name "Seuss". He was encouraged in his writing by professor of rhetoric W. Benfield Pressey, whom he described as his "big inspiration for writing" at Dartmouth.^[20]

Upon graduating from Dartmouth, he entered Lincoln Higher, Oxford, intending to earn a Md of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in English literature.^{[21] [22]} At Oxford, he met his future wife Helen Palmer, who encouraged him to give upwardly becoming an English language teacher in favor of pursuing cartoon equally a career.^[21] She later recalled that "Ted's notebooks were e'er filled with these fabled animals. So I set to piece of work diverting him; hither was a homo who could draw such pictures; he should be earning a living doing that."^[21]

Early career

Geisel left Oxford without earning a degree and returned to the U.s.a. in February 1927,^[23] where he immediately began submitting writings and drawings to magazines, book publishers, and advert agencies.^[24] Making use of his time in Europe, he pitched a series of cartoons called Eminent Europeans to Life magazine, but the mag passed on it. His first nationally published cartoon appeared in the July 16, 1927, event of The Sabbatum Evening Mail. This single $25 auction encouraged Geisel to move from Springfield to New York City.^[25] After that year, Geisel accepted a job as writer and illustrator at the humor magazine Judge, and he felt financially stable plenty to marry Palmer.^[26] His first drawing for Guess appeared on October 22, 1927, and Geisel and Palmer were married on November 29. Geisel's first piece of work signed "Dr. Seuss" was published in Judge about six months after he started working there.^[27]

In early 1928, i of Geisel'due south cartoons for Guess mentioned Flit, a common bug spray at the fourth dimension manufactured by Standard Oil of New Jersey.^[28] According to Geisel, the wife of an advertising executive in charge of advert Waltz saw Geisel's cartoon at a hairdresser's and urged her husband to sign him.^[29] Geisel's offset Flit advertisement appeared on May 31, 1928, and the campaign continued sporadically until 1941. The campaign's catchphrase "Quick, Henry, the Flit!" became a part of popular civilisation. It spawned a vocal and was used as a punch line for comedians such as Fred Allen and Jack Benny. As Geisel gained notoriety for the Flit campaign, his work was in demand and began to appear regularly in magazines such as Life, Liberty, and Vanity Fair.^[thirty]

The coin Geisel earned from his advertisement piece of work and magazine submissions made him wealthier than even his most successful Dartmouth classmates.^[thirty] The increased income allowed the Geisels to motility to better quarters and to socialize in college social circles.^[31] They became friends with the wealthy family of banker Frank A. Vanderlip. They also traveled extensively: by 1936, Geisel and his married woman had visited xxx countries together. They did not have children, neither kept regular part hours, and they had ample coin. Geisel too felt that traveling helped his inventiveness.^[32]

Geisel's success with the Waltz campaign led to more advertising work, including for other Standard Oil products like Essomarine boat fuel and Essolube Motor Oil and for other companies like the Ford Motor Company, NBC Radio Network, and Holly Sugar.^[33] His first foray into books, Boners, a collection of children's sayings that he illustrated, was published past Viking Printing in 1931. It topped The New York Times not-fiction bestseller list and led to a sequel, More Boners, published the same year. Encouraged by the books' sales and positive critical reception, Geisel wrote and illustrated an ABC book featuring "very strange animals" that failed to interest publishers.^[34]

In 1936, Geisel and his wife were returning from an ocean voyage to Europe when the rhythm of the ship's engines inspired the poem that became his outset children's book: And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street.^[35] Based on Geisel's varied accounts, the book was rejected by between 20 and 43 publishers.^{[36] [37]} According to Geisel, he was walking home to burn the manuscript when a chance encounter with an old Dartmouth classmate led to its publication by Vanguard Press.^[38] Geisel wrote iv more than books before the U.s. entered World State of war Ii. This included The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins in 1938, as well every bit The King's Stilts and The 7 Lady Godivas in 1939, all of which were in prose, atypically for him. This was followed by Horton Hatches the Egg in 1940, in which Geisel returned to the use of verse.

World War II-era work

"The Goldbrick", Private Snafu episode written past Geisel, 1943

As Earth War Two began, Geisel turned to political cartoons, drawing over 400 in two years as editorial cartoonist for the left-leaning New York City daily paper, PM.^[39] Geisel'south political cartoons, later published in Dr. Seuss Goes to War, denounced Hitler and Mussolini and were highly critical of not-interventionists ("isolationists"), almost notably Charles Lindbergh, who opposed U.s.a. entry into the war.^[40] One cartoon^[41] depicted Japanese Americans being handed TNT in anticipation of a "signal from home", while other cartoons deplored the racism at home against Jews and blacks that harmed the state of war effort.^{[42] [43]} His cartoons were strongly supportive of President Roosevelt's handling of the war, combining the usual exhortations to ration and contribute to the state of war effort with frequent attacks on Congress^[44] (especially the Republican Party),^[45] parts of the press (such equally the New York Daily News, Chicago Tribune, and Washington Times-Herald),^[46] and others for criticism of Roosevelt, criticism of aid to the Soviet Wedlock,^{[47] [48]} investigation of suspected Communists,^[49] and other offences that he depicted as leading to disunity and helping the Nazis, intentionally or inadvertently.

In 1942, Geisel turned his energies to direct support of the U.S. war effort. First, he worked cartoon posters for the Treasury Department and the State of war Production Board. Then, in 1943, he joined the Army as a captain and was commander of the Animation Department of the First Motion Film Unit of the Usa Army Air Forces, where he wrote films that included Your Job in Frg, a 1945 propaganda film near peace in Europe after Earth War II; Our Job in Japan; and the Private Snafu series of developed ground forces training films. While in the Army, he was awarded the Legion of Merit.^[fifty] Our Job in Nihon became the basis for the commercially released film Blueprint for Death (1947), a study of Japanese civilisation that won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.^[51] Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950) was based on an original story by Seuss and won the Academy Honour for Best Blithe Short Moving picture.^[52]

Afterward years

After the war, Geisel and his wife moved to the La Jolla community of San Diego, California, where he returned to writing children's books. He published most of his books through Random House in N America and William Collins, Sons (later HarperCollins) internationally. He wrote many, including such favorites as If I Ran the Zoo (1950), Horton Hears a Who! (1955), If I Ran the Circus (1956), The Cat in the Chapeau (1957), How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957), and Light-green Eggs and Ham (1960). He received numerous awards throughout his career, but he won neither the Caldecott Medal nor the Newbery Medal. Iii of his titles from this period were, however, chosen as Caldecott runners-up (now referred to every bit Caldecott Honour books): McElligot's Pool (1947), Bartholomew and the Oobleck (1949), and If I Ran the Zoo (1950). Dr. Seuss also wrote the musical and fantasy film The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T., which was released in 1953. The picture was a critical and financial failure, and Geisel never attempted some other characteristic film. During the 1950s, he also published a number of illustrated short stories, more often than not in Redbook mag. Some of these were later collected (in volumes such as The Sneetches and Other Stories) or reworked into independent books (If I Ran the Zoo). A number have never been reprinted since their original appearances.

In May 1954, Life published a report on illiteracy among school children which concluded that children were not learning to read because their books were boring. William Ellsworth Spaulding was the manager of the educational activity division at Houghton Mifflin (he afterwards became its chairman), and he compiled a list of 348 words that he felt were important for showtime-graders to recognize. He asked Geisel to cut the list to 250 words and to write a book using only those words.^[53] Spaulding challenged Geisel to "bring back a book children can't put down".^[54] Nine months after, Geisel completed The True cat in the Lid, using 236 of the words given to him. It retained the drawing way, poetry rhythms, and all the imaginative power of Geisel's before works but, because of its simplified vocabulary, it could be read by beginning readers. The Cat in the Hat and subsequent books written for young children accomplished significant international success and they remain very pop today. For example, in 2009, Green Eggs and Ham sold 540,000 copies, The Cat in the Chapeau sold 452,000 copies, and Ane Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish (1960) sold 409,000 copies—all outselling the majority of newly published children's books.^[55]

Geisel went on to write many other children's books, both in his new simplified-vocabulary manner (sold every bit Beginner Books) and in his older, more elaborate fashion.

In 1955, Dartmouth awarded Geisel an honorary doctorate of Humane Letters, with the citation:

Creator and fancier of fanciful beasts, your affinity for flight elephants and man-eating mosquitoes makes u.s. rejoice you were not effectually to be Director of Admissions on Mr. Noah's ark. Merely our rejoicing in your career is far more positive: as author and artist y'all singlehandedly have stood every bit St. George between a generation of exhausted parents and the demon dragon of unexhausted children on a rainy solar day. There was an inimitable wriggle in your piece of work long before you became a producer of move pictures and blithe cartoons and, as always with the best of humour, behind the fun there has been intelligence, kindness, and a feel for humankind. An Academy Award winner and holder of the Legion of Merit for state of war film work, you have stood these many years in the academic shadow of your learned friend Dr. Seuss; and considering we are sure the time has come up when the good doctor would want you to walk past his side equally a full equal and considering your College delights to admit the distinction of a loyal son, Dartmouth confers on y'all her Doctorate of Humane Messages.^[56]

Geisel joked that he would now have to sign "Dr. Dr. Seuss".^[57] His wife was sick at the fourth dimension, so he delayed accepting information technology until June 1956.^[58]

On April 28, 1958, Geisel appeared on an episode of the panel game evidence To Tell the Truth.^[59]

Geisel's married woman Helen had a long struggle with illnesses. On October 23, 1967, Helen died by suicide; Geisel married Audrey Dimond on June 21, 1968.^[60] Although he devoted most of his life to writing children's books, Geisel had no children of his own, saying of children: "You lot have 'em; I'll entertain 'em."^[60] Dimond added that Geisel "lived his whole life without children and he was very happy without children."^[60] Audrey oversaw Geisel'south estate until her death on December nineteen, 2018, at the age of 97.^[61]

Geisel was awarded an honorary doctorate of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) from Whittier College in 1980.^[62] He too received the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal from the professional children's librarians in 1980, recognizing his "substantial and lasting contributions to children'south literature". At the fourth dimension, it was awarded every five years.^[63] He won a special Pulitzer Prize in 1984 citing his "contribution over nearly half a century to the instruction and enjoyment of America's children and their parents".^[64]

Illness, death, and posthumous honors

Geisel died of cancer on September 24, 1991, at his domicile in the La Jolla community of San Diego at the historic period of 87.^{[21] [65]} His ashes were scattered in the Pacific Body of water. On December one, 1995, iv years after his decease, Academy of California, San Diego'south University Library Edifice was renamed Geisel Library in accolade of Geisel and Audrey for the generous contributions that they fabricated to the library and their devotion to improving literacy.^[66]

While Geisel was living in La Jolla, the United States Postal Service and others frequently confused him with fellow La Jolla resident Dr. Hans Suess, a noted nuclear physicist.^[67]

In 2002, the Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden opened in Springfield, Massachusetts, featuring sculptures of Geisel and of many of his characters.

In 2017, the Astonishing World of Dr. Seuss Museum opened next to the Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in the Springfield Museums Quadrangle.

In 2008, Dr. Seuss was inducted into the California Hall of Fame. On March 2, 2009, the Web search engine Google temporarily changed its logo to commemorate Geisel's birthday (a practice that it often performs for various holidays and events).^[68]

In 2004, U.S. children's librarians established the almanac Theodor Seuss Geisel Laurels to recognize "the nearly distinguished American book for beginning readers published in English in the United states of america during the preceding year". Information technology should "demonstrate creativity and imagination to appoint children in reading" from pre-kindergarten to second class.^[69]

At Geisel's alma mater of Dartmouth, more 90 percent of incoming first-year students participate in pre-matriculation trips run by the Dartmouth Outing Club into the New Hampshire wilderness. Information technology is traditional for students returning from the trips to stay overnight at Dartmouth's Moosilauke Ravine Gild, where they are served light-green eggs for breakfast. On April 4, 2012, the Dartmouth Medical School was renamed the Audrey and Theodor Geisel School of Medicine in honour of their many years of generosity to the college.^[seventy]

Dr. Seuss'south honors include 2 Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal, the Inkpot Award^[71] and the Pulitzer Prize.

Dr. Seuss has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at the 6500 cake of Hollywood Boulevard.^[72]

Dr. Seuss has been in Forbes ' list of the world'south highest-paid dead celebrities every yr since 2001, when the listing was kickoff published.

Pen names and pronunciations

Geisel'southward most famous pen proper noun is regularly pronounced ,^[iii] an anglicized pronunciation inconsistent with his German surname (the standard German pronunciation is German pronunciation: [ˈzɔʏ̯s]). He himself noted that information technology rhymed with "voice" (his own pronunciation beingness ). Alexander Laing, one of his collaborators on the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern,^[73] wrote of it:

You're wrong as the deuce
And you shouldn't rejoice
If y'all're calling him Seuss.
He pronounces it Soice^[74] (or Zoice)^[75]

Geisel switched to the anglicized pronunciation because it "evoked a effigy advantageous for an author of children's books to exist associated with—Mother Goose"^[54] and because most people used this pronunciation. He added the "Doctor (abbreviated Dr.)" to his pen proper noun because his father had always wanted him to practise medicine.^[76]

For books that Geisel wrote and others illustrated, he used the pen proper name "Theo LeSieg", starting with I Wish That I Had Duck Anxiety published in 1965. "LeSieg" is "Geisel" spelled backward.^[77] Geisel likewise published one volume under the name Rosetta Rock, 1975'due south Because a Little Problems Went Ka-Choo!!, a collaboration with Michael K. Frith. Frith and Geisel chose the name in honor of Geisel's second wife Audrey, whose maiden name was Rock.^[78]

Political views

Geisel was a liberal Democrat and a supporter of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal.^{[ citation needed ]} His early political cartoons bear witness a passionate opposition to fascism, and he urged activity against it both before and after the United States entered World War Two.^{[ citation needed ]} His cartoons portrayed the fear of communism as overstated, finding greater threats in the Business firm Commission on Unamerican Activities and those who threatened to cut the United states of america' "life line"^[48] to Stalin and the USSR, whom he in one case depicted equally a porter carrying "our war load".^[47]

Dr. Seuss 1942 cartoon with the caption 'Waiting for the Signal from Home'

Geisel supported the internment of Japanese Americans during Earth State of war Two in guild to prevent possible demolition. Geisel explained his position:

But right now, when the Japs are planting their hatchets in our skulls, information technology seems like a hell of a fourth dimension for us to smile and warble: "Brothers!" It is a rather flabby battle weep. If we desire to win, we've got to kill Japs, whether information technology depresses John Haynes Holmes or non. Nosotros can get palsy-walsy afterward with those that are left.^[79]

After the state of war, Geisel overcame his feelings of animosity and re-examined his view, using his book Horton Hears a Who! (1954) as an apologue for the American mail service-war occupation of Nihon,^[80] also every bit dedicating the volume to a Japanese friend, though Ron Lamothe noted in an interview that fifty-fifty that volume has a sense of "American chauvinism".^[81]

In 1948, afterwards living and working in Hollywood for years, Geisel moved to La Jolla in San Diego, a predominantly Republican community.^[82]

Geisel converted a copy of one of his famous children's books, Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Get Now!, into a polemic presently before the end of the 1972–1974 Watergate scandal, in which United states president Richard Nixon resigned, by replacing the name of the primary character everywhere that it occurred.^[83] "Richard Chiliad. Nixon, Will You Please Become At present!" was published in major newspapers through the column of his friend Art Buchwald.^[83]

The line "a person'southward a person, no matter how small!!" from Horton Hears a Who! has been used widely as a slogan by the pro-life movement in the United States. Geisel and later his widow Audrey objected to this use; according to her chaser, "She doesn't like people to hijack Dr. Seuss characters or material to front their own points of view."^[84] In the 1980s Geisel threatened to sue an anti-abortion group for using this phrase on their jotter, according to his biographer, causing them to remove information technology.^[85] The chaser says he never discussed abortion with either of them,^[84] and the biographer says Geisel never expressed a public opinion on the discipline.^[85] Later on Seuss's expiry, Audrey gave financial support to Planned Parenthood.^[86]

In his children's books

Geisel made a point of not showtime to write his stories with a moral in mind, stating that "kids can meet a moral coming a mile off." He was not confronting writing about issues, still; he said that "at that place's an inherent moral in any story",^[87] and he remarked that he was "subversive equally hell."^[88]

Geisel's books express his views on a remarkable variety of social and political issues: The Lorax (1971), about environmentalism and anti-consumerism; The Sneetches (1961), about racial equality; The Butter Battle Book (1984), about the arms race; Yertle the Turtle (1958), nigh Adolf Hitler and anti-authoritarianism; How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957), criticizing the economic materialism and consumerism of the Christmas season; and Horton Hears a Who! (1954), nigh anti-isolationism and internationalism.^{[54] [81]}

In recent times, Seuss's work for children has been criticized for presumably unconscious racist themes.^[89]

Poetic meters

Geisel wrote most of his books in anapestic tetrameter, a poetic meter employed by many poets of the English literary canon. This is often suggested as ane of the reasons that Geisel's writing was so well received.^{[ninety] [91]}

Anapestic tetrameter consists of four rhythmic units chosen anapests, each composed of two weak syllables followed by one stiff syllable (the vanquish); often, the first weak syllable is omitted, or an additional weak syllable is added at the end. An case of this meter tin be found in Geisel's "Yertle the Turtle", from Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories:

And to24-hour interval the Corking Yertle, that Marvelous he
Is Rex of the Mud. That is all he tin can run across.^[92]

Some books past Geisel that are written mainly in anapestic tetrameter likewise contain many lines written in amphibrachic tetrameter wherein each strong syllable is surrounded by a weak syllable on each side. Here is an case from If I Ran the Circus:

All ready to put upward the tents for my circus.
I think I volition call it the Circus McGurkus.

And At present comes an human action of Enormous Enormance!
No former performer'south performed this performance!

Geisel also wrote poetry in trochaic tetrameter, an arrangement of a strong syllable followed by a weak syllable, with 4 units per line (for instance, the title of One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish). Traditionally, English trochaic meter permits the final weak position in the line to exist omitted, which allows both masculine and feminine rhymes.

Geisel by and large maintained trochaic meter for only brief passages, and for longer stretches typically mixed information technology with iambic tetrameter, which consists of a weak syllable followed past a strong, and is generally considered easier to write. Thus, for example, the magicians in Bartholomew and the Oobleck make their get-go appearance chanting in trochees (thus resembling the witches of Shakespeare's Macbeth):

Shuffle, duffle, muzzle, muff

They and then switch to iambs for the oobleck spell:

Become make the Oobleck tumble down
On every street, in every boondocks!^[93]

Artwork

Geisel's early on artwork frequently employed the shaded texture of pencil drawings or watercolors, but in his children'due south books of the postwar period, he generally made utilize of a starker medium—pen and ink—normally using just black, white, and one or two colors. His later books, such every bit The Lorax, used more colors.

Geisel'due south style was unique—his figures are often "rounded" and somewhat droopy. This is true, for instance, of the faces of the Grinch and the Cat in the Hat. Almost all his buildings and mechanism were devoid of straight lines when they were drawn, even when he was representing real objects. For case, If I Ran the Circus shows a droopy hoisting crane and a droopy steam calliope.

Geisel patently enjoyed cartoon architecturally elaborate objects, and a number of his motifs are identifiable with structures in his childhood habitation of Springfield, including examples such as the onion domes of its Main Street and his family'due south brewery.^[94] His endlessly varied only never rectilinear palaces, ramps, platforms, and complimentary-continuing stairways are amidst his almost evocative creations. Geisel likewise drew circuitous imaginary machines, such as the Sound-Television-O-Tally-O-Count, from Dr. Seuss'due south Slumber Book, or the "most peculiar auto" of Sylvester McMonkey McBean in The Sneetches. Geisel as well liked drawing outlandish arrangements of feathers or fur: for case, the 500th hat of Bartholomew Cubbins, the tail of Gertrude McFuzz, and the pet for girls who like to brush and comb, in One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish.

Geisel's illustrations oft convey motion vividly. He was addicted of a sort of "voilà" gesture in which the paw flips outward and the fingers spread slightly backward with the thumb up. This motion is done by Ish in Ane Fish, Two Fish, Ruddy Fish, Bluish Fish when he creates fish (who perform the gesture with their fins), in the introduction of the various acts of If I Ran the Circus, and in the introduction of the "Little Cats" in The Cat in the Hat Comes Back. He was too fond of drawing hands with interlocked fingers, making it look as though his characters were twiddling their thumbs.

Geisel also follows the cartoon tradition of showing movement with lines, like in the sweeping lines that accompany Sneelock's final swoop in If I Ran the Circus. Drawing lines are also used to illustrate the action of the senses—sight, smell, and hearing—in The Large Brag, and lines even illustrate "idea", every bit in the moment when the Grinch conceives his atrocious plan to ruin Christmas.

Recurring images

Geisel'south early work in advertizing and editorial cartooning helped him to produce "sketches" of things that received more than perfect realization afterward in his children'south books. Often, the expressive apply to which Geisel put an paradigm, after on, was quite different from the original.^[95] Hither are some examples:

• An editorial cartoon from July sixteen, 1941^[96] depicts a whale resting on the top of a mountain as a parody of American isolationists, especially Charles Lindbergh. This was later rendered (with no apparent political content) as the Wumbus of On Across Zebra (1955). Seussian whales (cheerful and balloon-shaped, with long eyelashes) besides occur in McElligot's Pool, If I Ran the Circus, and other books.
• Some other editorial cartoon from 1941^[97] shows a long cow with many legs and udders representing the conquered nations of Europe beingness milked past Adolf Hitler. This later became the Umbus of On Across Zebra.
• The tower of turtles in a 1942 editorial cartoon^[98] prefigures a similar belfry in Yertle the Turtle. This theme also appeared in a Approximate cartoon equally ane alphabetic character of a hieroglyphic message, and in Geisel's curt-lived comic strip Hejji. Geisel in one case stated that Yertle the Turtle was Adolf Hitler.^[99]
• Footling cats A, B, and C (equally well as the rest of the alphabet) who jump from each other's hats appeared in a Ford Motor Visitor ad.
• The connected beards in Did I Ever Tell Y'all How Lucky You Are? appear oftentimes in Geisel'due south work, most notably in Hejji, which featured two goats joined at the beard, The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T., which featured two roller-skating guards joined at the beard, and a political cartoon in which Nazism and the America First motility are portrayed as "the men with the Siamese Bristles".
• Geisel'southward earliest elephants were for advertising and had somewhat wrinkly ears, much as real elephants do.^[100] With And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street! (1937) and Horton Hatches the Egg (1940), the ears became more stylized, somewhat like angel wings and thus advisable to the saintly Horton. During World State of war II, the elephant epitome appeared equally an emblem for Bharat in four editorial cartoons.^[101] Horton and similar elephants appear oft in the postwar children's books.
• While drawing advertisements for Flit, Geisel became proficient at cartoon insects with huge stingers,^[102] shaped like a gentle S-curve and with a abrupt stop that included a rearward-pointing barb on its lower side. Their facial expressions describe gleeful malevolence. These insects were after rendered in an editorial cartoon as a swarm of Allied aircraft^[103] (1942), and once again equally the Sneedle of On Across Zebra, and yet once more as the Skritz in I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew.
• At that place are many examples of creatures who arrange themselves in repeating patterns, such as the "Ii and fro walkers, who march in v layers", and the Through-Horns Jumping Deer in If I Ran the Circus, and the system of birds which the protagonist of Oh, the Places Yous'll Get! walks through, as the narrator admonishes him to "... always be dexterous and deft, and never mix upwardly your right foot with your left."

Bibliography

Publications

Geisel wrote more than lx books over the course of his long career. Almost were published under his well-known pseudonym Dr. Seuss, though he also authored more than a dozen books as Theo LeSieg and 1 as Rosetta Stone. His books accept topped many bestseller lists, sold over 600 million copies, and been translated into more 20 languages.^[7] In 2000, Publishers Weekly compiled a list of the best-selling children's books of all fourth dimension; of the top 100 hardcover books, 16 were written by Geisel, including Light-green Eggs and Ham, at number 4, The Cat in the Hat, at number 9, and Ane Fish, Ii Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish, at number 13.^[104] In the years after his death in 1991, two additional books were published based on his sketches and notes: Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! and Daisy-Head Mayzie. My Many Colored Days was originally written in 1973 but was posthumously published in 1996. In September 2011, 7 stories originally published in magazines during the 1950s were released in a collection titled The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories.^[105]

Geisel also wrote a pair of books for adults: The Seven Lady Godivas (1939; reprinted 1987), a retelling of the Lady Godiva legend that included nude depictions; and Y'all're Merely One-time One time! (written in 1986 when Geisel was 82), which chronicles an former homo'southward journeying through a dispensary. His last book was Oh, the Places You'll Become!, which was published the year before his death and became a pop gift for graduating students.^[106]

Selected titles

• And to Remember That I Saw Information technology on Mulberry Street (1937)
• Horton Hatches the Egg (1940)
• Horton Hears a Who (1954)
• The Cat in the Hat (1957)
• How the Grinch Stole Christmas (1957)
• The True cat in the Hat Comes Back (1958)
• One Fish Ii Fish Ruby Fish Bluish Fish (1960)
• Green Eggs and Ham (1960)
• The Sneetches and Other Stories (1961)
• Hop on Pop (1963)
• Fox in Socks (1965)
• The Lorax (1971)
• The Butter Battle Book (1981)
• I Am Not Going to Get Up Today! (1987)
• Oh, the Places You'll Go! (1990)

Retired books

Dr. Seuss Enterprises, the organization that owns the rights to the books, films, Tv set shows, stage productions, exhibitions, digital media, licensed trade, and other strategic partnerships, announced on March 2, 2021, that information technology will cease publishing and licensing 6 books. The publications include And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street (1937), If I Ran the Zoo (1950), McElligot's Puddle (1947), On Beyond Zebra! (1955), Scrambled Eggs Super! (1953) and The Cat's Quizzer (1976). Co-ordinate to the system, the books "portray people in ways that are hurtful and wrong" and are no longer being published due to racist and insensitive imagery.^[107]

Listing of screen adaptations

Theatrical short films

Year	Title	Format	Manager	Benefactor	Length	Ref(southward)
1942	Horton Hatches the Egg	traditional blitheness	Bob Clampett	Warner Bros. Pictures	10 min.	[108]
1943	The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins	cease movement	George Pal	Paramount Pictures		[109]
1944	And to Think That I Saw Information technology on Mulberry Street					[110]
1950	Gerald McBoing-Boing	traditional animation	Robert Cannon	UPA and Columbia Pictures		[111]

Theatrical feature films

Yr	Title	Format	Managing director(s)	Distributor	Length	Upkeep	Ref(due south)
1953	The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T.	live-action	Roy Rowland	Columbia Pictures	92 min.		[112]
2000	How the Grinch Stole Christmas		Ron Howard	Universal Pictures	104 min.	$123 meg	[113]
2003	The True cat in the Lid		Bo Welch	Universal Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures	82 min.	$109 million	[114]
2008	Horton Hears a Who!	computer animation	Jimmy Hayward & Steve Martino	20th Century Fox	86 min.	$85 million	[115]
2012	The Lorax		Chris Renaud and Kyle Balda	Universal Pictures		$lxx million	[116]
2018	The Grinch		Scott Mosier and Yarrow Cheney		ninety min.	$75 million	[117]

Television specials

Year	Title	Format	Studio	Director	Writer	Distributor	Length
1966	How the Grinch Stole Christmas!	traditional animation	Chuck Jones Productions	Chuck Jones	Dr. Seuss, Irv Spector, and Bob Ogle	MGM	25 min.
1970	Horton Hears a Who!				Dr. Seuss
1971	The Cat in the Hat		DePatie-Freleng Enterprises	Hawley Pratt		CBS
1972	The Lorax
1973	Dr. Seuss on the Loose
1975	The Hoober-Bloob Highway			Alan Zaslove
1977	Halloween Is Grinch Night			Gerard Baldwin		ABC
1980	Pontoffel Pock, Where Are Yous?
1982	The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat			Bill Perez
1989	The Butter Battle Book		Bakshi Production	Ralph Bakshi		Turner
1995	Daisy-Caput Mayzie		Hanna-Barbera Productions	Tony Collingwood

Tv set series

Year	Title	Format	Director	Writer	Network
1996–1998	The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss	live-action/puppet	Various	Various	Nickelodeon
2010–2018	The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot Near That!	traditional animation			Treehouse TV
2019–present	Green Eggs and Ham				Netflix

Adaptations

For most of his career, Geisel was reluctant to have his characters marketed in contexts outside of his ain books. However, he did permit the creation of several blithe cartoons, an art form in which he had gained experience during World War 2, and he gradually relaxed his policy as he aged.

The first adaptation of one of Geisel's works was a cartoon version of Horton Hatches the Egg, animated at Warner Bros. in 1942 and directed by Bob Clampett. Information technology was presented as role of the Merrie Melodies series and included a number of gags not nowadays in the original narrative, including a fish committing suicide and a Katharine Hepburn faux by Mayzie.

Equally part of George Pal'due south Puppetoons theatrical cartoon series for Paramount Pictures, two of Geisel'southward works were adapted into stop-motion films past George Pal. The first, The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins, was released in 1943.^[118] The 2d, And to Recollect I Saw It on Mulberry Street, with a title slightly altered from the volume'south, was released in 1944.^[119] Both were nominated for an Academy Award for "Brusque Bailiwick (Drawing)".

In 1959, Geisel authorized Revell, the well-known plastic model-making company, to brand a serial of "animals" that snapped together rather than being glued together, and could exist assembled, disassembled, and re-assembled "in thousands" of ways. The serial was chosen the "Dr. Seuss Zoo" and included Gowdy the Dowdy Grackle, Norval the Bashful Blinket, Tingo the Noodle Topped Stroodle, and Roscoe the Many Footed Lion. The bones body parts were the same and all were interchangeable, and then information technology was possible for children to combine parts from diverse characters in essentially unlimited ways in creating their own fauna characters (Revell encouraged this by selling Gowdy, Norval, and Tingo together in a "Souvenir Set" equally well as individually). Revell also made a conventional glue-together "beginner's kit" of The True cat in the Hat.

In 1966, Geisel authorized eminent cartoon artist Chuck Jones—his friend and former colleague from the war—to make a cartoon version of How the Grinch Stole Christmas! Geisel was credited as a co-producer under his real proper name Ted Geisel, along with Jones. The cartoon was narrated by Boris Karloff, who also provided the voice of the Grinch. Information technology was very faithful to the original book and is considered a classic to this day past many. It is often circulate as an annual Christmas television set special. Jones directed an accommodation of Horton Hears a Who! in 1970 and produced an adaptation of The Cat in the Hat in 1971.

From 1972 to 1983, Geisel wrote six animated specials that were produced by DePatie-Freleng: The Lorax (1972); Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973); The Hoober-Bloob Highway (1975); Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977); Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You? (1980); and The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Lid (1982). Several of the specials won multiple Emmy Awards.

A Soviet pigment-on-glass-animated short film was made in 1986 called Welcome, an adaptation of Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose. The last accommodation of Geisel's work before he died was The Butter Battle Book, a television special based on the book of the aforementioned name, directed by Ralph Bakshi.

A television pic titled In Search of Dr. Seuss was released in 1994, which adapted many of Seuss'south stories. It uses both live-activity versions and animated versions of the characters and stories featured; however, the blithe portions were simply edited versions of previous blithe tv set specials and, in some cases, re-dubbed every bit well.

Afterward Geisel died of cancer at the historic period of 87 in 1991, his widow Audrey Geisel took charge of licensing matters until her death in 2018. Since and then, licensing is controlled by the nonprofit Dr. Seuss Enterprises. Audrey approved a live-action feature-film version of How the Grinch Stole Christmas starring Jim Carrey, every bit well as a Seuss-themed Broadway musical called Seussical, and both premiered in 2000. The Grinch has had limited engagement runs on Broadway during the Christmas season, after premiering in 1998 (under the title How the Grinch Stole Christmas) at the Quondam Earth Theatre in San Diego, where information technology has become a Christmas tradition. In 2003, some other alive-activity motion picture was released, this time an adaptation of The Cat in the Chapeau that featured Mike Myers as the title grapheme. Audrey Geisel spoke critically of the pic, peculiarly the casting of Myers as the True cat in the Hat, and stated that she would non allow any further live-activeness adaptations of Geisel's books.^[120] However, a first animated CGI characteristic film adaptation of Horton Hears a Who! was canonical, and was eventually released on March fourteen, 2008, to positive reviews. A second CGI-animated feature movie accommodation of The Lorax was released by Universal on March 2, 2012 (on what would accept been Seuss's 108th altogether). The third adaptation of Seuss's story, the CGI-animated feature film, The Grinch, was released by Universal on November 9, 2018.

5 telly series have been adapted from Geisel's work. The first, Gerald McBoing-Boing, was an animated goggle box adaptation of Geisel'southward 1951 drawing of the same proper name and lasted iii months between 1956 and 1957. The second, The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss, was a mix of live-action and puppetry past Jim Henson Goggle box, the producers of The Muppets. It aired for two seasons on Nickelodeon in the United states of america, from 1996 to 1998. The third, Gerald McBoing-Boing, is a remake of the 1956 series.^[121] Produced in Canada by Cookie Jar Entertainment (now DHX Media) and N America past Archetype Media (now DreamWorks Classics), information technology ran from 2005 to 2007. The 4th, The True cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!, produced past Portfolio Amusement Inc., began on Baronial vii, 2010, in Canada and September half-dozen, 2010, in the United states and is producing new episodes as of 2018^[update]. The fifth, Light-green Eggs and Ham, is an animated streaming tv set adaptation of Geisel's 1960 book of the same title and premiered on November viii, 2019, on Netflix,^{[122] [123] [124] [125] [126]} and a second season by the title of Green Eggs and Ham: The Second Serving is scheduled to premiere in 2021.^{[127] [128]}

Geisel's books and characters are also featured in Seuss Landing, i of many islands at the Islands of Adventure theme park in Orlando, Florida. In an effort to match Geisel'southward visual style, at that place are reported "no direct lines" in Seuss Landing.^[129]

The Hollywood Reporter has reported that Warner Blitheness Group and Dr. Seuss Enterprises have struck a deal to make new animated movies based on the stories of Dr. Seuss. Their offset project volition be a fully animated version of The Cat in the Hat.^[130]

See also

• The Cat in the Hat (play)
• "The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite" – a 1992 R.E.M. song referencing a reading from Seuss.
• Origins of a Story

References

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125. ^ "Green Eggs and Ham | Read by Michael Douglas, Adam Devine & More! | Netflix". YouTube Netflix Official. Oct eight, 2019. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021.
126. ^ "Netflix's Light-green Eggs and Ham Series Sets Premiere Appointment". ComingSoon.net. October 8, 2019. Retrieved Oct 11, 2019.
127. ^ Petski, Denise (December 20, 2019). "'Green Eggs And Ham' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix". Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved December 20, 2019.
128. ^ "Dark-green Eggs & Ham Season ii: Delayed? When Will It Release? All the Latest Details!". November 20, 2020.
129. ^ Universal Orlando.com. The Cat in the Hat ride Archived April 10, 2008, at the Wayback Auto. Retrieved on April 6, 2008.
130. ^ Kit, Borys; Fernandez, Jay A. (Jan 24, 2018). "New 'Cat in the Chapeau' Movie in the Works From Warner Bros". The Hollywood Reporter.

Farther reading

• Cohen, Charles (2004). The Seuss, the Whole Seuss and Nothing Just the Seuss: A Visual Biography of Theodor Seuss Geisel. Random Business firm Books for Young Readers. ISBN978-0-375-82248-iii. OCLC 53075980.
• Fensch, Thomas, ed. (1997). Of Sneetches and Whos and the Good Dr. Seuss: Essays on the Writings and Life of Theodor Geisel. McFarland & Visitor. ISBN978-0-7864-0388-2.
• Geisel, Audrey (1995). The Hush-hush Art of Dr. Seuss. Random Firm. ISBN978-0-679-43448-1.
• Geisel, Theodor (1987). Dr. Seuss from And so to Now: A Catalogue of the Retrospective Exhibition. Random House. ISBN978-0-394-89268-ix.
• Geisel, Theodor (2001). Minnear, Richard (ed.). Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War Two Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisel. New Press. ISBN978-1-56584-704-0.
• Geisel, Theodor (2004). The Ancestry of Dr. Seuss: An Breezy Reminiscence. Dartmouth College. Archived from the original on October vi, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
• Geisel, Theodor Seuss (2005). Theodor Seuss Geisel: The Early Works, Volume 1. Checker Book Publishing. ISBN978-1-933160-01-vi.
• Geisel, Theodor (1987). Minnear, Richard (ed.). The Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough: Early on Writings and Cartoons by Dr. Seuss. New York: Morrow/Remco Worldservice Books. ISBN978-0-688-06548-5.
• Jones, Brian Jay (2019). Becoming Dr. Seuss: Theodor Geisel and the Making of an American Imaginationc. Dutton. ISBN978-1524742782.
• Lamothe, Ron (2004). The Political Dr. Seuss (DVD). Terra Incognita Films. Archived from the original on December 26, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2009. Documentary aired on the Public Television System.
• Lathem, Edward Connery (2000). Who'south Who and What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss. Dartmouth College. Archived from the original on October half-dozen, 2014. Retrieved October i, 2014.
• MacDonald, Ruth M. (1988). Dr. Seuss . Twayne Publishers. ISBN978-0-8057-7524-two.
• Morgan, Judith; Morgan, Neil (1995). Dr. Seuss & Mr. Geisel. Random House. ISBN978-0-679-41686-9.
• Nel, Philip (2007). The Annotated Cat: Under the Hats of Seuss and His Cats. Random House. ISBN978-0-375-83369-four.
• Nel, Philip (2004). Dr. Seuss: American Icon . Continuum Publishing. ISBN978-0-8264-1434-two.
• Pease, Donald Eastward. (2010). Theodor Seuss Geisel . Oxford University Printing. ISBN978-0-19-532302-3.
• Weidt, Maryann; Maguire, Kerry (1994). Oh, the Places He Went. Carolrhoda Books. ISBN978-0-87614-627-ix.

External links

• Seussville site Random House
• Dr. Seuss at the Internet Broadway Database
• Dr. Seuss at Internet Off-Broadway Database
• Dr. Seuss biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia
• Dr. Seuss Went to War: A Catalog of Political Cartoons by Dr. Seuss
• The Advertising Artwork of Dr. Seuss
• The Register of Dr. Seuss Collection UC San Diego
• Hotchkiss, Eugene 3 (Spring 2004). "Dr. Seuss Keeps Me Guessing: A Commencement story by President Emeritus Eugene Hotchkiss Iii". lakeforest.edu. Archived from the original on Baronial 14, 2004. Retrieved November x, 2011.
• Dr. Seuss / Theodor Geisel artwork can be viewed at American Art Archives web site
• Dr. Seuss at IMDb
• The Dr. Seuss That Switched His Voice – poem by Joe Dolce, first published in Quadrant mag.
• Register of the Dr. Seuss Drove, UC San Diego
• Dr. Seuss at Library of Congress Authorities, with 190 catalog records
• Theodor Seuss Geisel (real proper name), Theo. LeSieg (pseud.), and Rosetta Stone (joint pseud.) at LC Regime with 30, nine, and 1 records

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Seuss

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